Revisiting the Role of Post-Materialist Values on Environmental Concern: An Analysis of Turkish Public Perception Over Climate Change Between the Years 2018-2020

Tuğçe   Yıldız

doi:10.37241/jatss.2022.72

Tuğçe Yıldız Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale/ Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-0060

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37241/jatss.2022.72

Anahtar Kelimeler: Post-materyalizm, Kamusal Çevre Kaygısı, Ekonomik Faktörler, Türkiye, İklim Değişikliği

Özet

Kamusal çevre kaygıları ile ilgili yapılan önceki çalışmalar, ekonomik faktörlerin bireylerin çevresel kaygıları ve çevre sorunlarına yönelik tutumları üzerinde etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, ekonomik ve/veya finansal krizler nedeniyle değişen koşulların, kamunun çevresel kaygıları ve özellikle iklim değişikliğine yönelik kaygıları üzerindeki olası etkisini inceleyen az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'de 2018'in sonlarında başlayan ekonomik kriz, ekonomik faktörlerin çevresel kaygılar ve özellikle iklim değişikliğine yönelik tutumlar üzerindeki etkisini anlamak için ilginç bir örnek sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2018 ekonomik krizi nedeniyle değişen ekonomik koşulların Türk kamuoyunun iklim değişikliği sorununa ilişkin endişelerini nasıl etkilediğini sormaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2018 ve 2020 yılları arasında özel Eurobarometer anketlerinden toplanan verilere çok düzeyli analiz uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki temel bulgu, kriz döneminde Türkiye genelinde ekonomik durumdaki değişikliklerin Türkiye'de iklim değişikliğine yönelik kamuoyunun endişesini azaltmada etkili olduğudur. Ekonomik durgunluğun olumsuz etkilerinin güçlü bir şekilde hissedildiği 2020 yılında sonuçlar, çevresel kaygının halkın ülke ekonomisine, hanehalkının mali durumuna ve yaşam memnuniyetine yönelik algıları ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer bir deyişle, bir yandan ekonomik krizin en çok hissedildiği dönemde, toplumun büyük kesiminin ekonomik faktörleri önceliklendirmesi post-materialist tezi doğrularken; diğer yandan, git gide artan iklim krizi farkındalığıyla birlikte, ekonomik krizden çıkış planlarının daha çevreci ve daha sürdürülebilir olması gerektiği düşüncesini de getirmeye başlamıştır.

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