Revisiting the Nexus between Turkish Tourism Index Returns and Economic Policy Uncertainty: Partial Wavelet Coherence Analysis
Abstract
This study reevaluates the well-documented negative relationship between the Turkish tourism index stock returns and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices using a wide range of EPU indices that span from 1997 to 2003. The aim of the paper is to find out whether EPU indices a have particular importance for the tourism companies’ stock returns or they end up with the same consequences regardless of the sector. To this end, Partial Wavelet Coherence analysis is conducted using the BIST 100 and the real effective exchange rate indices as conditioning variables. Results show that the negative relationship between the EPU indices and Turkish tourism index returns tends to disappear when controlled for the BIST 100 index returns. EPUs are shown to have no particular effect on the excess stock return performance of Turkish tourism companies. The policy uncertainties in Europe (particularly in France and, to a lesser extent in Germany) become effective only after controlling also for the changes in real effective exchange rates.
Metrics
References
Akdağ S., Kılıç, İ. & Yıldırım, H. (2019). Does VIX scare stocks of tourism companies? Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 12(3), 215-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-019-00238-w
Akron, S., Demir, E., Diez-Esteban, J. M. & Garcia-Gómez, C. D. (2020). Economic policy uncertainty and corporate investment: Evidence from the US hospitality industry. Tourism Management, 77, 104019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104019
Al-Thaqeb S. A. & Algharabali B. G. (2019). Economic policy uncertainty: A literature review. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 20, e00133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2019.e00133
Antonakakis, N., Chatziantoniou, I. & Filis, G. (2013). Dynamic co-movements of stock market returns, implied volatility and policy uncertainty. Economics Letters, 120(1), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.04.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.04.004
Aye, G., Gupta, R., Hammoudeh, S. & Kim, W. J. (2015). Forecasting the price of gold using dynamic model averaging. International Review of Financial Analysis, 41(C), 257-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.03.010
Baker, S. R., Bloom, N. & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593-1636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024
Bekiros, S., Gupta, R. & Paccagnini, A. (2015). Oil price forecastability and economic uncertainty. Economics Letters, 132(C), 125-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.04.023
Bordo, M. D., Duca J. V. & Koch, C. (2016). Economic policy uncertainty and the credit channel: Aggregate and bank level U.S. evidence over several decades. Journal of Financial Stability, 26, 90-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.07.002
Boutchkova, M., Doshi, H., Durnev, A. & Molchanov, A. (2012). Precarious politics and return volatility. Review of Financial Studies, 25(4), 1111-1154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhr100
Brogaard, J. & Detzel, A. (2015). The asset-pricing implications of government economic policy uncertainty. Management Science, 61(1), 3-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2044
Chang, T., Chen, W.-Y., Gupta, R. & Nguyen, D. K. (2015). Are stock prices related to the political uncertainty index in OECD countries? Evidence from the bootstrap panel causality test. Economic Systems, 39(2), 288-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2014.10.005
Demir, E., & Ersan, O. (2018). The impact of economic policy uncertainty on stock returns of Turkish tourism companies. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(8), 847-855. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1217195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1217195
Ersan, O., Akron, S. & Demir, E. (2019). The effect of European and global uncertainty on stock returns of travel and leisure companies. Tourism Economics, 25(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618792398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618792398
Gozgor, G. & Demir, E. (2018). The effects of economic policy uncertainty on outbound travel expenditures. Journal of Competitiveness, 10(3), 5-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2018.03.01
Gozgor G., Seetaram, N. & Lau, C. K. M. (2021). Effect of global uncertainty on international arrivals by Purpose of visits and length of stay. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(6), 1086-1098. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2464
Gulen, H. & Ion, M. (2015). Policy uncertainty and corporate investment. Review of Financial Studies, 29(3), 523-564. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv050
Hu, W. & Si, B. (2021). Technical note: Improved partial wavelet coherency for understanding scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships in geosciences. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 25(1), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-321-2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-321-2021
Işık, C., Sirakaya-Turk, E. & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), 1344-1357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619888346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619888346
Karnizova, L. & Li J. C. (2014). Economic policy uncertainty, financial markets and probability of US recessions. Economics Letters, 125(2), 261-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.09.018
Kirik, A., Oygur T. & Erzurumlu, Y. O. (2023). Quadruple wavelet coherence and pairwise cointegration: Comparative time-frequency analysis of bank deposit rate. Journal of Economic Studies, 50(2), 147-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2021-0188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2021-0188
Madanoglu, M. & Ozdemir, O. (2019). Economic policy uncertainty and hotel operating performance. Tourism Management, 71, 443-452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.012
Mihanovic, H., Orlic, M. & Pasaric, Z. (2009). Diurnal thermocline oscillations driven by tidal flow around an island in the Middle Adriatic. Journal of Marine Systems, 78, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.01.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.01.021
Nguyen, C. P., Schinckus, C. & Su, T. D. (2020). Economic policy uncertainty & demand for international tourism: An empirical study. Tourism Economics, 26(8), 1415-1430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619900584 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619900584
Pastor, L. & Veronesi, P. (2012). Uncertainty about government policy and stock prices. The Journal of Finance, 67(4), 1219-1264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01746.x
Sum, V. (2013). The ASEAN stock market performance and economic policy uncertainty in the United States. Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 32(4), 512-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12049
Valadkhani, A. (2023). Investment sensitivity to market uncertainty in the travel and tourism sector. Tourism Economics, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166221151098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166221151098
Wu, W. & Zhao, J. (2022). Economic policy uncertainty and household consumption: Evidence from chinese households. Journal of Asian Economics, 79, 101436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101436
Yu, H., Fang, L., Du, D. & Yan, P. (2017). How EPU drives long-term industry beta. Finance Research Letters, 22, 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2017.05.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2017.05.012